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S54 short final drive (4.85)

2.6K views 11 replies 5 participants last post by  msendit  
#1 ·
I've been frustrated with how long the gears are in the S54 transmission since forever. Especially on a peaky engine like the Beams, 4-5k RPM is a pretty frustrating experience -- the NA miatas end up pulling on our racecar there!

As far as I know, no one makes a close-ratio gearset for the S54 (plus, I can't run one because the racing rulebook the car is built against explicitly forbids it), and no one makes a shorter final drive off the shelf. So, I got a small batch custom made. With a 4.85 ratio (stock is 4.176).

Because transaxles are so much fun, this doesn't just mean a ring and pinion, but a ring and a whole output shaft. And at that point, might as well fully rebuild a whole transmission.

OEM ring gear bottom, new one stacked up:
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OEM output shaft left, new one right:
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Before we put it back in a box, let's go a little extra, WPC coat the whole lot, and arrange on the bench to snap fancy pics:
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New ring gear is slightly larger so... "some" modification required to make room.

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Nothing we can't do carefully with a die grinder. But still, some care required. Most of the clearancing was on the bellhousing side, but a bit on the middle case was a good idea too.

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Also, a little clearance near the oil passages for the bearings.

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Lots and lots more time to clean all the shavings that got everywhere later. And it was my first time fully building a gearbox, so took my time. But in the end, all parts went where they're supposed to:

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Get the cases together, chop off an old axle to make a diff preload "SST", and we're good to go:
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It's an mr2 we're talking about. Swapping a transmission, might as well take the engine out for a bath and few other small things (like retorque the head):

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The good: it works! Only one track test so far, but the gears are gearing and they're definitely shorter. So many shifts.


Compare that to the stock gears where you can basically do the whole track in 3rd (with a couple of 2nd gear switchbacks).


A little too early to draw conclusions, but there's the not-so-good too. It didn't make the car dramatically faster. At least on this track, will test on many others too. This was a pretty long project and we ended up improving the Beams power band quite a bit in the meantime. So, now the problem it was supposed to solve is much smaller. Oh well.
 
#2 ·
That is pretty cool. A few interesting things...1. You didn't get the results you wanted. Did you a spreadsheet calculator like the one frankster uses? 2. That the tolerances between the housing and the ring gear were already so close. 3. That the teeth are at a different angle than stock. Did you pick that angle or did the machine shop pick it? I know it is arbitrary to some extent, but it seems the 45* angle distributes forces equally to both gears.

But, looks really good. Glad it worked.
 
#5 ·
1. Yes, used a calculator. But this is just a final drive change -- it multiplies all the gears the same. So under optimal conditions (what he calculators model), the upshifts still drop you at the same RPM, and not much changes. It tends to make more of a difference under real-world conditions where there's that corner where an upshift doesn't make sense (you'd have to downshift straight away), or there's no time for a downshift (you'd have to upshift mid-corner immediately) and you let the RPMs deviate from what's "optimal".

2. Oh, in a stock gearbox, there's plenty of room. Don't have a better picture, but you can see a solid 3-4mm here. Link.

3. Machine shop. I wouldn't pretend to know enough about gear meshing to have an informed opinion there. I know a lot of thought went into making the gear on the shaft side stronger.
 
#4 · (Edited)
Let's assume swapping in another engine is not an option. The series is based on power to weight ratios and swapping in something else that might make a "whole lotta" power won't help -- I need to hit exactly 170 whp (plus minus a couple for compliance dyno variance). Usually the name of the game in series like this is making the power band as wide and flat as possible (area under the curve and all), which is why we play many games with VVTi to get us to the curves we have, as well as games with gearing to keep inside the flat region. Our competition is usually BMWs with 6-cyl M54 engines, which have to do a lot less work to get a very wide power band.

Plus, at this point I have probably 300 of on-track test hours with the 3sge, which is more than a few "serious track cars" lifetime's worth. Getting the same confidence and reliability from a 2ar/2gr/etc will take more years and many more broken goodies. Nothing super unique about the 3sge -- I bet with enough development time we can get a 2AR or a K24 to hit an exact power target -- it's just a mater of "already put in the development time in the 3sge".
 
#9 ·
Where did you get the diff?? This is a cool project! Would love it if you could post up where you found parts, and what manuals/resources you used for the rebuild. Lots of us have old S54's that we want to be less old

Awesome stuff!
The diff I got from Nengun. The part number for the "Type RS" 1.5-way in this application is LSD 124 C15. Other Cusco dealers should be able to get it too.

Synchros and seals, from Gt4-play in the UK. I'm forgetting why not from a toytoa parts dealer here in the US -- probably didn't have it, or I was ordering beams parts from gt4-play already anyway.

Diff preload shims, snap rings, and the other small parts -- I got lucky. Had a big order from a dealer with all the parts in all the sizes because it was all "in stock". When they actually checked their inventory, they only had 3 out of the 50 or so parts in the order, but that happened to have the shim I needed for the diff. For the next box, I'd probably just find generic parts -- there's really not much to these little things. Worst case, will measure carefully and ask a friendly local machine shop.

Shifter linkage parts -- square sugar cube bushing, bellcrank bushing, boot -- just from a toyota dealer.

For resources, the BGB mostly. Especially some of the synchro retainers I had weren't quite the same as what's described in there, but everything else is pretty good. I love Toyota manuals! This video series from DrivelineMaster was pretty good too, not to follow as the law (it's for a C-series box, so not quite the same), but just to get an idea of what the steps looked like.

Other than that, just took lots and lots of pictures when I was disassembling the old box of how everything fit together and was oriented. If you want to look at lots of pictures of gears, I gotchu.

Having a press was very useful for this, along with a bunch of different pullers, and random tube attachements of different sizes to press things in and out. Oh, and snap rings should die in a fire -- I hate dealing with these things. Luckily, not that many in the s54.